GUIDE TO INTERNATIonAL TRADE国际贸易指南
Part A: Guide to Incoterms 2000
While the terms of sale in international business often sound similar to those commonly used in domestic contracts, they often have different meanings. Confusion over these terms can result in a lost sale or a financial loss on a sale. Thus, it is essential that you understand what terms you are agreeing to before you finalize1 a contract.
虽然在国际商务中所用的销售条件和国内合同中一般所用的销售条件听起来很像，但它们的意思总是不同。混淆这类条件或许会丧失销售机会或者致使销售出现经济损失。因此，在敲定合同之前，理解你所用意的条件是至关要紧的。
Incoterms 2000
By the 1920s, commercial traders developed a set of trade terms to describe their rights and liabilities with regard to the sale and transport of goods. These trade terms consisted of short abbreviations for lengthy2 contract provisions. Unfortunately, there was no uniform interpretation3 of them in all countries, and therefore misunderstandings often arose in cross-border transactions.
To improve this aspect of international trade, the International Chamber4 of Commerce in Paris developed INCOTERMS , a set of uniform rules or the interpretation of international commercial terms defining the cosplayts, risks, and obligations of buyers and sellers in international transactions. First published in 1936, these rules have been periodically revised to account for changing modes of transport and document delivery. The current version is Incoterms 2000.
《国际贸易术语讲解通则2000》
20世纪20年代，商大家开发了一套用于说明他们在货物销售和运输中权利和义务的贸易术语。这类贸易术语由代表冗长合同条约的简短缩写构成。不幸的是，这类术语在不一样的国家没赞同的讲解，因此，在跨国境贸易中，常常出现误解。
为了对国际贸易的这一范围进行改进，设在巴黎的国际商会（ICC）开发了一套用于讲解确定国交仪中交易双方成本、风险和责任的统一规则国际贸易术语讲解通则。该通则初版于1936，按期进行修订以反映运输和单据出货方法的变化。现行的版本为《国际贸易术语讲解通则2000》。
Use of Incoterms
Incoterms are not implied into contracts for the sale of goods. If you desire to use Incoterms, you must specifically include them in your contract. Further, your contract should expressly refer to the rules of interpretation as defined in the latest revision of Incoterms, for example, Incoterms 2000, and you should ensure the proper application of the terms by additional contract provisions. Also, Incoterms are not laws. In case of a dispute, courts and arbitrators will look at: 1) the sales contract, 2) who has possession of the goods, and 3) what payment, if any, has been made. See International Contracts, also by World Trade Press.
《国际贸易术语讲解通则》的用法
国际贸易术语讲解通则并不是暗含在货物销售合同中。假如想使用国际贸易术语讲解通则，需要特地将它写进合同中。而且合同应该明确援引国际贸易术语讲解通则的最新修订本，如《国际贸易术语讲解通则2000》中确定的讲解规则。除此之外，还应该通过附加的合同条约确保这类术语的正确应用。而且，国际贸易术语讲解通则不是法律。当出现纠纷时，法院和仲裁机构将考察：（1）销售合同；（2）哪个拥有货物；（3）假如有些话，进行了什么支付。参见世界贸易出版社出版的《国际贸易》一书。
Illustrated5 Guide to Incoterms
This guide was designed to give a graphic6 representation of the buyers and sellers risks and cosplayts under each Incoterm. The material on each facing page gives a summary of seller and buyer responsibilities.
《国际贸易术语讲解通则》图形解析指南
本指南旨在给出每一个贸易术语下交易双方风险和成本的图形解析说明。每页上的材料概括了交易双方的责任。
原书内容有图形解析说明，但因为文档制作和平台结构问题，省略图形解析，稍微影响对内容的深入理解，但不会导致大的妨碍[魂之利刃注]。
